Rosenfield



-5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(NvojModel.)

W. W. VROSENFIELD.-

APPARATUS POB. DBTBGTING LBAKS 1N PIPBS.

No. 429,286. PatentedJune 3, 1890.

MMA r ya A@ (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

. W. W. ROSENFIBLD. APPARATUS FOR DBTEGTING LEAKS IN PIPES.

No. 429,286. PatentedJune 3, 1890.

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'en b #355 E wel@ w y #gbl-e925.' A@ /Q (No Model.) 5 sheets-sheet js.

W. W. ROSENPIELD. APPARATUS PoR DBTBQTING LBAKS IN PIPES.

No. 429,286. y Patented June 3, 1890.

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(No Model.) 5 sheets-sheet 4.

W. W. ROSBNFIELD; APPARATUS POR DBTBCTING LBAKS 1N PIPBS.

No.1429g2-86. Patented June 3, 189Q.

(No Modl.) 5 Sheets-.Sheet W. W. ROSBNFIELD.

APPARATUS FOR DETETING LEAKS 1N PIPES.

N0.429,286.. Y PatentedJunea,19o.

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

VILLIAM \VOODYVVARD ROSENFIELD, OF BROOKLYN, ASSIGNOR TO ANTHONY ROSENFIELD, OF NEWT YORK, N. Y.

APPARATUS FOR DETECTING LEAKS IN PIPES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 429,286, dated J une 3, 1890.

Application tiled September 4:, 1886. Serial No. 212,686. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern: which are constructed to be operated when Be it known that I, WILLIAM VOODWARD water is drawn for use, and electrical connec- ROSENFIELD, a citizen of the United States, tions whereby the operation of the secondary residing at Brooklyn, county of Kings, and controller, or of one or more of them when a 5 5 5 State of New York, have invented certain plurality are employed, prevents the operanew and useful Improvements in Apparatus tion of the translating device. The primary for Detecting Leaks in Pipes, fully described controller is located in the water-pipe at a and represented in the following specification point distant from its exit or exits and near and the accompanying drawings, forming a the source of supply to the building or dis- 6o to part of the same. trict to which the apparatus is applied, and

This invention relates to an apparatus for is so constructed that when in its normal podetecting the flow of a liquid or fluid through sition-that is to say,the position which it a pipe or conduit, it being the object of the takes when the Water is not moving in the invention to provide an apparatus by which pipe-it will maintain the circuit in such 65 I5 any flow of a liquid or Huid in a pipe, occa* condition that t-he translating device will be sioned by a leak in the pipe or by the im- 'prevented from operating. One of the secproper withdrawal of the liquid or fluid from ondary controllers is located at a point adjathe pipe, may be detected and notice of the cent to each of the faucets or other exits from fact given either by sounding an alarm, operwhich water is drawn for use, and is so con- 7o zo ating an indicator', or in any other suitable structed that when in its normal positionmanner. that is to say, the position which it takes when The apparatus embodying my invention water is not being drawndit will maintain may be employed fol1 detecting leakage in the electrical connections in such condition pipes or conduits which are used for conductas to permit the translating device to oper- 75 2 5 ing any liquid or fluid; bu't for convenience ate. The primary controller is so constructed the term water will be hereinafter used in that as soon as any water commences to referring to the pipe or conduits and its conflow past it in the pipe it will be operated tents, and this term is to be understood as to change the condition of the circuit, so as embracing any liquid or fluid. to cause the translating device to operate, 8o 3o In order that the detailed description of the while the secondary controller or controllers organization and operation of the apparatus is or are so constructed that whenever any embodying the invention, which will be here? water is drawn from the pipe at any point in ina'fter given, may be more readily underthe regular way they will change the constood, a brief general description of the ordition of the circuit so as to neutralize the 85 3 5 ganization of the apparatus will be first effect of the primary controller and prevent given. the translating device from operating. From The apparatus in its simplest form consists this it will be seen that when water is drawn of a translating device, by which is meant fromthe pipe at any point or points provided any device which may be operated or caused for that purpose, as through a faucet or other 9.o 4o to operate by an elect-ric current to give noexit, so as` to set the water in motion, the pritice of the existence of a leak-as, for exammary controller will be at once operated to ple, an alarm or indicator mechanism, or a put the circuit in condition to operate the mechanism which operates a valve to cut ott translating device; but at the same time the the supply of watera circuit-controller, for secondary controller adjacent to the exit at 95 45 convenience termed a primary controller, which wateris being drawn will act reversely which is located in the Water-pipe and operand put the circuit in condition to prevent ated by the water when in motion; electrical the translating device from operating, and connections whereby the operation of the thus the drawing of Water in the regular way primary controller operates the translating will not operate the translating device so as roo 5o device; one or more circuit-controllers, for to give an alarm or shut off the water. If, convenience termed secondary controllers, however, the pipe should leak or burst or be tampered with at a point between the primary controller and either one of the secondary controllers, the water would be caused to iow past the primary controller and so oper ate it and put the circuit in condition toeperate the translating device; but in such case the secondary controller would not be oper ated, and consequently the translating device would be permitted to operate and notice ot the leak would be given. Under some circumstances it might happen that when water was drawn from the pipe in the regular way the primary controller would be ope `ated to put the circuit in condition to operate the translating device slightly in advance of the time when the secondary controller would be operated to prevent the operation of the translating device, and thus the translating device might be operated so as to give notice of a leak when in reality there was no occasion for so doing. This, however, can readily be avoided by providing the electrical connections with an automatic cut-out apparatus, which will prevent the translatin device from being operated until a certain length of time has elapsed after the primary controller has been operated to put the circuit in condition to operate the translating device, and the cut-out apparatus can readily be so adjusted that in no event will the translating device be operated until sufficient time will have elapsed to allow the secondary controller to operate to neutralize the el'lect ol' the pri-` mary controller.

The system thus outlined embodies the invention in its simplest form. It is to be rcmarked, however, that the invention may readily be so modified by dividing the system into districts that the location ot a leak may be indicated either exactly or approximately, or that the water may be cut olf: from a portion of the system without cutting it oft from the whole. The apparatus can also be so modiiied without departing from the invention as to be applied to those cases where the system of water-pipes is supplied from two or more sources-as, for example, trom a tank and a street-main. Where the system is supplied from two or more sources, there will of course be a corresponding number of the primary controllers, and the electrical connections will be so arranged that each primary controller will act to operate the translating device.

The system thus briefly outlined will now be described in detail, reference heilig' had to the accon'ipanying drawings, which show au organized apparatus embodying the invention, and in whichy Figure 1 is a side view of a portion of a water-supply pipe, showing the primary controller and also the cut-of`l` valve and the apparatus for automz'ltically operating it. Fig. 2 is a similar view, partly in section, of: the portion of the pipe containing one ol the faucets for drawing water and the secondary controller located adjacent thereto. Fig. 3 is a sectional view ot the portion of the pipe shown in Fig. 1. Fig. llis a cross-section taken upon the line .fr a: of Fig. Fig. 5 is a section taken on theline .f1/'aol' Fig. Fig. il is a similar view showing the circuit clos ing and breaking device in position to close the circuit. Fig. il is a view illustrating a form of automatic cut-out apparatus that may be employed. Figs. 7 to 14, inclusive, are diagrams illustrating the electrical connections and the operation of the apparatus. Figs. 15 and 1G show a modified form of the secondary controller.

Referring now particularly to Figs. 1 to 6, it is to be understood that l represents that portion of a water-pipe through which all the water forsupplying a building, a certain part of a building, or a number of buildings passes. This pipe is provided at a suitable point with a primary controller A. This controller consists of a plain disk 10, of metal or leather, which is seated against a shoulder formed in the pipe, and is attached to a rod 1,1, which passes tlnfough the side of the pipe and is packed by a suitable stuffing-box, which l'orms a tight joint between the rod and pipe. The rod 11. is provided with a light spring 13, the tendency ot which is to hold the disk 10 to its seat with a gentle pressure, as shown. 'lhe rod 11 is also provided with a metal contact-piece t, which is insulated from the rod` and is so arranged that as the rod is rocked it makes and breaks connections between a pair of light s pringarms 5, which are insu lated lrom each other and from the pipe and are connected'with the ends of an electrical conductor c, which forms the electrical circuit in which the controller is located. rlhe term wire will for convenience be hereinafter used in referring to the electrical conductors forming the various circuits. The contact-piece l is so arranged that when the disk 10 is in its normal position, as shown in Figs. il and al., no connection will be made bctwcen the arms 5, as shown in Figs. Il and 5, and as a consequence the circuit in which the controller is located will be broken, while,on the other hand,when the disk 10 is moved away from its seat to the position indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 3 the rod 1 1 will be rocked so as to bring the contact-piece t into position to make the connection between the arms 5, as shown in Fig. (5, and thus the circuit in which the controller is located will bc closed. The cutolt valve ll is located at any convenient point in the pipe l?, preferably just inside the prin mary controller A, and, as illustrated in the present case, consists of a disk valve (l, which is arranged to close the opening in the pipe, so as to prevent the passage of the water inward through the pipe. This disk is provided with a stem or rod 14, which passes through a stutting-box in the side of the pipe, and is cou nectcd to a lever 12, provided with a weight l5, which is so arranged that when the lever is released the weight will operate to close the valve and eut ot't' the passage of water through the pipe. The lever 12 is normally held in TOO TIO

position to keep the valve 6 open by means of a pivoted hook 8, to which is secured the armature 7 of an electric magnet 9, which is located in the electrical circuit, so as to be energized whenever the circuit is closed to give the alarm, as has been hereinbefore explained. The valve-stem 14, as shown in the present case, is also provided with a second disk valve 16, which controls a small wastepassage in the side of the pipe which communicates with the waste-pipe 17. This valve 16 is so arranged that when the lever 12 is held in its raised position, so as to keep the valve G open, the valve 1G willbe closed, so as to prevent the escape of the water. When, however, the lever 12 is released, so as to close the valve 6, the valve 16 Will be opened, and any water in the pipe inside the valve 6 will at once be drained out through the wastepipe 17.

Referringnow particularly to Fig. 2, it is to be understood that G represents an ordinary faucet located at the end of the pipe P or of any branch leading therefrom or communieating therewith and through Which Wat-er is to be drawn for consumption. It is of course to be understood that there may be any number of the faucets G located upon branches of the pipe P or upon pipes lconnected therewith for supplying water to various rooms or parts of a building or any number of buildings. Located near each one of the faucets G is one of the secondary controllers B. These controllers are constructed exactly like the primary controller already described, except that the contact-pieces 4 of these controllers are so placed that when the controller is in its normal position, as shown in Fig. 2, the contact-piece 4 will be in the position shown in Fig. G--that is to say, in position to make connection between the spring-arms 5, while when the disk of the controller is moved, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 2, as will be the case when water is being drawn through the faucet G, the contact-piece 4 will be carried to the position indicated by dotted lines in Fig. G, thereby breaking the connection between the arms 5 and breaking` the circuit through the controllers, as before explained.

Referring now to Fig. 7, the operation of the apparatus in one of its simplest forms will be explained. In this diagram, A represents a primary controller located in the water-pipe at a point through which all the water for supplying a single building, for example, passes, and B B secondary controllers located in close proximity to faucets in different parts of the building. These three controllers are connected, in the manner al` ready explained, by a wire a, which is provided With a suitable battery E, and is grounded at its ends, as indicated at g, so as to form an electric circuit. C represents an ordinary automatic cut-out appara-tus of any of the approved forms, and 'c the switch of this cut-out apparat-us. b represents a branch wire extending from the wire a to a point Within the range of the switch c. D represents an ordinary electrical alarm mechanism, which is connected to the wire Z2 in the usual manner, and 9 represents the electro-magnet, also connected to the wire b, which operates to release the lever 12 and permit the cut-- off valve G to close. When the parts are in their normal position, the contact-pieces 4 of the controllers B will, as before explained, be in position to close the circuit, and the contact-piece 4 of the controller A will be in position to break the circuit, as indicated in the diagram, while the switch c of the cut-out mechanism will be in position to form the connection through all of the controllers, as also indicated in the diagram.

The automatic cut-out apparatus C may be of any of the ordinary forms. One form suitable for the purpose is illustrated in Fig. 6. In this form of cut-out apparatus, which is a common and well-known form, the spring c forms the switch, the spring being arranged so that when in its normal position it completes the circuit through the wire a. As soon as the current passes over the wire a and through the small wire a', adjacent to the spring, but insulated therefrom for the greater portion of its length, as indicated by the dark line 2, the wire a becomes heated and its heat is transmitted to the spring c', which, being made of two metals which expand unequally, changes its position and breaks the circuit through the wire a and closes t-he circuit through the wires a b. The .spring-switch c can be so adjusted that the current will pass over the wire a a a greater or less length of time before the switch will shift to change the current onto the wire b. The wire a is shown in the ligure as somewhat removed from the spring to avoid confusion; but in practice it lies close to the spring. In the various diagrams the switch c is shown as located outside of the apparatus C; but this is only for convenience in illustrating the operation, it not being intended to illustrate the construction of the cut-out apparatus in those figures.

Let it now be assumed that water is being drawn from the faucet located near one of the controllers B. As soon as the faucet is opened the water moving in the pipe will at once operate the controller A, so as to close the circuit at that point, as indicated by dotted lines; but simultaneously with this or immediately aft-er the controller B, located adjacent to the faucet which is opened, will be operated, so as to break the circuit at that point, as before explained, and as indicated by dotted lines, and thus no current will be permitted to pass through the circuit; or if the controllerB fails to operate as promptly as the controller A the current may pass through the circuit for a short time, but the time will not be sufficient to operate the switch c, and consequently no alarm will be sounded and the cut-olf valve will not be operated. As soon as the faucet through which IOO IIO

water is bein g drawn is closed, so that the water ceases to flow through the pipe, the spring 13 of the controller B will operate the controller so as to again close the circuit at that point; but at the same time the spring 13 of the controller A will operate that controller, so as to break the circuit at. that point.

Let it now be assumed that a leak occurs in the water-pipe at any point between the primaly controller A and either one of the secondary controllers B. The movement of the water past the controller A will at once operate that controller so as to close the circuit at that point, but no water will move past either one of the controllers B, and as a consequence the circuit will not be broken by either of these controllers,but will remain closed. The current will then pass over the wire a and through the cut-out mechanism C, and after the current has passed through the cnt-out mechanism for a sufficient length of time-thc time depending upon the adjustment of that mechanismthe switch c will be shifted, as indicated by dotted lines, so as to form a circuit through the wire b, and colisequently send the current through the alarm D and magnet il, thereby sounding the alarm and at the same time energizing' said mag net, so as to release the lever l2 and permit the valve G to close.

Itis of course to be understood that the alarm D is located at some convenient point', either in the building or outside of it, where it will be heard by the person to whom it is desired to give warning of the leak.

By means of this system it will be seen that notice can be given at any point of a leak occuring in the pipes of a building, and thus the person in charge can be brought quickly to the spot to prevent the liability of damage. By this means also the further flow of water into thebuilding is stopped, and if the cut-off valve ll is provided with the drainpipe the water in the pipes inside the building is withdrawn.

It will usually be better to employ an antomatic cut-out apparatus, as just described; but this will not in all cases be necessary.

Fig. 7 illustrates an arrangement of the connections when the cut-out apparatus is not employed. In this case the primary controller, the secondary controllers, the alarm, and magnet for operating the cutoff valve are all in the single circuit formed by the wire u, as indicated.

In Fig. S an arrangement of the connections is illustrated by which the system is divided into districts, so that in addition to giving notice of the existence of a leak its location will be indicated. Referring to said figure, it is to be understood that A represents a primary controller located in the water-pipe which supplies a given district-for example, a building or a part of a building;

B, secondary controllers located in close pro. imity to the several faucets in that district; A', another primary controllerlocated in the pipe which supplies another district; B', secondary controllers located in close proximity to the faucets in that district, and Il a cutoff valve located in the pipe through which both districts arc supplied. The controllers A and B are connected by a wire a, which is provided with a battery E, and is grounded at its ends, as indicated at y, so as to form an electrical circuit. The circuit t-hus formed is provided with an automatic cut-out, C, the same as in the case already described. 'lhe switch c of the ent-ont C is provided with a contactfplate 3, which is insulated from the main part of the switch by an interposed piece 2 of insulating substance, and the plate 3 is so arranged that when the switch c is in its normal position it will form a connection between the two parts of the wire a. The controllers i B' are connected by a wire rt', which is grounded at one end, as indicated at g, and terminatesin position to be connected to that portion of the wire a in which the battery E and cut-out C are located by the plate 3 when the switch c is in :its normal position, as shown by full lilies. rlhe alarm D and cut-off valve ll are connected to the wire a by a branch wire l), which terminates at a point within the range of the switch c, and this branch wire is connected to an ordinary indicator or annunciator I. The wire of is provided with a branch b',which is connected to an indicator l' and to the branch b ata point between the indicator l and the alarm l). The wire o. is provided with a branch n, which is connected to the switch c, or terminates in such position that the switch, when shifted to the position indicated by dotted lines, forms connection between it and the branch wire b. rlhe operation of the apparatus when thus organized is as follows: Then water is drawn from the faucet adjacent to any one of the controllers B or B', the controller A or A', as the case may be, will at once be operated so as to close the circuit through the wire a, or o. and a', as the case may be; but at the same time or immediately after the secondary controller adjacent to the faucet will be operated so as to break the circuit thus formed, andthe alarm will not be given. If, however, a leak occurs at a point between the controller A and either one of the controllers B, the controller A will be operated so as to close the circuit through the wire a, and the controllers B will remain in their normal positions, so as to keep the circuit closed. 'lhc current will then pass over the wire a and through the cut-out C, and after it has passed. through the cutout asufficicnt length of time the switch c will be shifted te the position shown by dotted lines, thereby forming a circuit through the wires a, b, and n, so as to send the current through the magnet .(J, alarm D, and indicator I, and thus cut off the water from the whole system, sound the alarm, and indicate the district in which the leak exists. lt', on the other hand, a leak should occur at any point between the IOO IIO

controller A and either one of the controllers B the result would be the same, except that the circuit, instead of being formed through the wire a, would be formed through the wires a and a to send the current through the cut.- out C, and after the switch c was shifted the circuit, instead of being formed through the wires a, n, and b, would be formed through the wires a, n, b, b', and a', thereby operating the indicator I instead of I, and indicating the fact that the leak existed in the other district. V

The organization illustrated in Fig. 9 is exactly the same as that last described, except that provision is made by which, when a leak occurs in either district, the water instead of being cut off from the whole system is cut off from only that district. For this purpose, instead of providing a single eut-off valve located in the pipe through which the whole system is supplied, the pipe through. which each district is supplied is provided with a cut-off valve, and the electrical connections are so arranged that when a leak occurs in any district the cut-off valve for only that district is operated. In the diagrams H and and II represent cut-off valves located in the pipes through which the respective districts are supplied, and the magnets 9 which operate these valves are provided with wires e e', by which they are connected with the wire b and the wires a and a', respectively. The operation of the apparatus when thus organized is the same as just describedin connection with Fig. S, except that when the switch c is shifted so as to close the circuit through the wires a a b or a oz l) b a', as the case may be, a circuit will also be formed through the wires d n b e or a n b e a', as the case may be. Let 1t be assumed, therefore, that the controller A has been operated so as to close the circuit at that point and the switch c shifted so as to form a circuit through the wires a n b and a n l) e. The current will then pass through the alarm D and indicator I, so as to give the alarm and indicate the district in which the leak exists, and at the same time the current will pass through the magnet 9 of the cut-off Valve I-I, so as to operate the Valve and cut off the water from that district. The valve H will not, however, be operated. If the controller A is operated, the result will be the same, except that the indicator I and the cut-off valve H will be operated.

It will usually happen that the resist-ance offered by the magnets of the alarm and indicator will'be much less than that offered by the magnet 9 of the cut-off valve, and it will therefore usually be necessary in the organization just described to provide the wire l) with a sufficient resistance-coil, as indicated at R, to prevent too great a portion of the current from passing through the alarm and indicator.

The organization illustrated in Fig. IO accomplishes the same results as that last described; but in this case each of the districts is provided with a cut-out-apparatus, and the connections are so arranged that the 'controllers are not in the circuit with the alarm, incator, and cut-off mechanisms. The operation of the apparatus when thus organized is as follows: It' a leak occurs between the con troller A and either one of the controllers B, the controller A will close the circuit andthe current will pass over the wire a and through the cut-out C, the switch c being then in position to connect the two parts of the wire a, as shown. As soon the switch c is shifted, as shown by dotted lines, the controllers will be cut out of the circuit, and a circuit will be formed by the wires a b and switch c, so that the current will pass through the magnet 9 of the cut-off valve H and through the indicator I and alarm D. This will sound the alarm, indicate the location of the leak, and cut olf the water from the district in which the leak exists. If a leak occurs between the controller A and either one of the controllers B', the res ult will be the same, except that the switch c will be shifted so as to send the current through the wires a and ZJ and operate the indicator Il and cutoff valve H. The organizations of the apparat-us thus far described are applicable to those systems of water distribution where the water-pipes of a building or district are supplied from a single source. There are many cases, however, in which the water-pipes of a building or district are supplied continuously from two sources or at different times from different sources-as, for example, from a street-main and from a tank or reservoir. In order to make the apparatus effective in such case, it is necessary to provide the pipe through which the water enters the building or district from each of these sources of supply with a primary controller.

In Fig. ll an organization of this character suitable for a single building or district is illustrated. In this case A represents two primary controllers located in the pipes through which the water from each of the sources of supply enters the building or district, and H the two cut-off valves located adjacent to these controllers. B represents the secondary controllers located adjacent to each of the faucets through which the water is drawn. The controllers B and one of the controllers A and the magnet 9 of the cut-off valve, located adjacent to that controller, are connected by a wire a, which is grounded at its ends, as indicated at g, and provided with a battery E. This wire is connected toa cut-V out apparatus C, the switch c of which when in its normal position, as shown, connects the two parts of the wire, the same as in the organization shown in Fig. 7. The wire a is provided with a branch wire l), leading from the wire a at a point between thc cut-out C and the nearest of the controllers B, and terminating at a point within the range of the switch c. This wire h is connected to an alarm D, the same as in thc organization IOO ISO

shown in Fig. '1. The wire a is also provided with a branch d, which is connected to the wire a at a point near the primary controller A to which the wire (t is connected. This wire is grounded at its end, as indicated at g, and is connected to the other of the primary controllers A, and also to the magnet O of the cut-oft valve located adjacent to that controller.

Let it be assumed that a faucet adjacent to one oi' the controllers ll opened at a time when the building or district is being supplied through the pipe in which the controller A which is connected to the wire a Vis located. The controller A will at once be operated to close the circuit; at that point, as already explained, and at the same time, or shortly a'lter, the controller B, adjacent tothe faucet which is opened, will be operated so as to break the circuit at that point, and as a consequence the current will not pass over the wire u. As bef orc explained, however, it may happen that the primary controller may operate slightly in advance of the secondary controllers, thus allowing the current to pass over the wire (l,y and through the cut-out for a very short period of time. The cut-out will, however, as before explained, be so adjusted that the switch c will not be shifted before the controller 13 has had time to operate and break the circuit. The magnet t) ol the cutot valve ll being, however, in this case connected to the wire u, the current will during this short period of time pass through the magnet, and thus, if means were not provided for preventing it, the magnet 9 might be energized sufficiently to release the valve ll, and thus eut oit the supply of water. To avoid this, the wire (t is provided with a suitable resistance-coil R, which so weakens the current that it is not of sutlicient strength to 'ully energize the magnet tl. rlhe result will be the same it a .faucet adjacent to one ofthe controllers B is opened at a time when the building is being supplied through the pipe in which the controller A which is connected to the wire d is located, except that in such case the current will pass over the wires a Z and through the magnet 9, which is connected to the wire d. The result will also be the same if the faucet adjacent to one of the controllers l is opened at a time when the building is being supplied from both sources of supply, except that in that case the current will be divided and will pass over the two circuits formed by the wire a. andthe wi res u d.

Let it new be assumed that a leak occurs at any point in the building or district at a time when the building is being supplied through the pipe in which the cilintrollcr A that connected to the wire a is located. The controller A will at once be operated so as to close the circuit at that point in the manner already explained, and the current will then pass over .thcwirc 'a and through the cut-out C, thereby shifting the switch c to the position shown by dotted lines. During this time the current will be so weakened by the resistancecoil lt that the magnet il, connected to the wire a, will not be energized so as to operate the cut-out valve. As soon, however, as the switch c is shifted the full current will pass over the wires al), thereby operating the alarm l) and energizing the magnet .J so as to operate the cutot't` valve. The result will be the same it a leak occurs at a time when the building is being supplied through the pipe in which the controller A which is connected with the wire d is located, except that in that case the current will pass over the wires a l) d. The result will also be the same it' a leak occurs at a time when the building is being supplied from both sources, except that in that case the current will pass over the two circuits formed by the wires a b and the wires u l1 (l, thereby operating the alarm and also operating both the eut-off valves.

lt is be remarked that in the organization just described the alarm l), instead of being connected to the wire l, maybe connected to the wire u, as indicated by dotted lines. In such case the resistance R will so weaken the currentpassing over the wire u, that the alarm will not be operated until 'after the switch c has been shifted so as to cutout the resistance R.

ln some cases it may not be desired to provide the apparatus with the automatic cut-off valves, and in such case it the alarm l) is connected to the wire l) the wire may be grounded, as indicated by dotted lines, instead ot being connected to the wire a. l'Vhen the apparatus is thus organized, the current will ot course cease to pass over the wires c (l as soon as the switch c is shifted. In some cases the wire nl may be arranged to form a loop connected at both ends to the wire a, as indicated by dotted lines.

The organization illustrated in Fig. 'l2 is substantially the same as that just fflescribed, except that provision is made for dividing the system ofpipcs to which the apparatus is applied into districts, so that, in addition to giving an alarm and cutting' olli' the supply oi. water to the whole system whenever a leak occurs, the location ot' the leak is indicated. To accomplish this, the connections are arranged the same as in Fig. S, except that the wire a is provided withtheresistancc R. rl`he magnet 9 of the valve ll, for controlling one of the supply-pipes, is connected to the wire a between the controller A and the ground. The wire a', instead ot' being grounded, is connected to the wire (t between t-he controller A and the valve ll. The wire (l, is provided with a branch wire d, which is grounded, and is connected to the magnet- 9 ol. the valve Il', i'or controlling the other supply-pipe, and tothe second primary controller A of the first district, and the wire a is provided with a branch d', which is joined to the wire (l between the valve ll and the controller A, and connected to the second primarycontroller A ot' the second district. rlhe operation of IOC IIO

the apparatus when thus organized is substantially the same as has already been described in connection with Figs. 8 and ll.

IVhenever a leak occurs in either one of the districts-say, for example, the district in which the controllers A B are locatedone or both of the. controllers -A will be operated to close the circuit through that district, as already explained. The current will then pass over the wire a and to the ground. The magnet or magnets 9 will not, however, owing to the resistance R, be energized so as to operate the cut-off valve or valves, but the switch c will be shifted, the same as shown in Fig. 8. The current will then pass over the wires a n b, thereby operating the alarm D and the indicator I, so as to indicate the district in which the leak exists, and at the same time one or both of the magnets 9 will be energized, so as to cut off the supply of water from the whole system. The result will be the same if the leak occurs in the district in which the controllers A B are located, eX- cept that in this case the circuit will be closed through the wire ct to shift the switch c, and after the switch is shifted the current will pass over the -wire Z9 and operate the indicator I.

It is to be remarked that the results just described may be secured in the organization shown in this iigure if the portions of the .wires da which extend from the points indicated by lare omitted and the wire a eX- tended, as indicated by dotted lines, so as to unite with the wire b between the switch and the alarm. In that case the current will always pass through the alarm and the indicators; but it will be so weakened by the resistance R that it will not operate these ineehanisins nntilafter the switch chas been shifted so as to cut out the resistance.

The organization illustrated in Fig. 13 is applicable to a system of water distribution which is divided into districts, each district being supplied from two sources. The operation of the apparatus in connection with each district is the same as has already been described in connection with Figs. ll and l2. Vtfhen a leak occurs in a district in which the controllers A B are located, the circuit will be closed through the wire u, so as to shift the switch c, after which the current will pass over the wire b, so as to operate the alarm and the indicator I and close the cut-off valve or valves Il, so as to shut off the supply of water to that district. If the leak occurs in the district in which the controllers A B are located, the result will be the same, exceptthat the circuit will be closed through the wire a to shift the switch, and after the switch is shifted the current will pass over the wire b', so as to operate the indicator I and the cut-ott valve or valves Il', so as to shutoff the supply of water to that district.

The organization illustrated in Fig. 14 secures the same results as that last described. In this case, however, each district is pro` vided with a cut-out mechanism, the same as. in Fig. l0, the wire a being connected to the switches c c of these two mechanisms. If a leak occurs in the district'in which the controllers A B are located the circuit will be closed through the wire a, so as to shift the switch c. As soon as the switch c is shifted the resistance R will be cutout of the circuit kand the two parts of the wire l) will be connected by the switch c, so that the current will pass over the wire l) through the indicator I and alarm D and thence to the ground,

as indicated atg. At the same time that this takes place a portion of the current will pass over the wires l) a or l) a (l, or both, so as to energize the magnet or magnets 9 and operate the cut-off valve or valves H. Inasmuch as the resistance offered by the indicator and alarm mechanisms will in practice be much less than that offered by the magnet or magnets 9, it will be necessary to provide the wire l) with 'a suitable resistance-coil R', so as to compel a suliicient part of the current. to pass through the magnets 9 to properly energize thel. If a leak occurs in the district in which the controllers A B are located, the result will be the same, except that the circuit will be formed through the wirel a to shift the switch c', and after the switch has been shifted the current will pass over the wire ZJ and through the indicator I', so as to operate that indicator and the cutoff valve or valves Il. In the organizations herein shown connections are illustrated for applying the apparatus to systems which are divided into only7 two districts. It will readily be seen, however, that by carrying out the principle herein illustrated the apparatus can be applied to systems which are divided into any number of districts.

Although it will usually be preferable to make provision, as herein illustrated, for automatically cutting off the supply of water either from the whole system or from a single district whenever a leak occurs, there may be cases in which it will not be necessary or desirable to make such provision, and in such cases the cut-off valve or valves may be omitted without departing from the essential features of the invention. So, also, it may in some cases be desirable to dispense with the indicator mechanism, and this mechanism can also be omitted without departing from the invention, or the indicator may be used without the alarm.

In the foregoing description of the different organizations of the apparatusit has been assu med that the water is drawn from thepipes only by means of faucets. In some cases, however, the water is drawn from the supplypipe by other means, as by a pump, which takes water out of the pipe and forces it to an elevated tank. In any such case it will, of course, be necessary to have one of the secondary controllers located adjacent to the exit, where the water is discharged the same as at each of the faucets. The primary con- IOO IIC)

troller will then be operated to close the circuit as the water is withdrawn trom the pipe; but the discharge ot' the water will operare the secondary controller to break the circuit, the same as hereinbefore described, so that no alarm will be given. It the pump in such case should be single-acting, the prin'iary controller might be operated on the suctionstroke to close the circuit, while the secondary controllers would not be operated to break the circuit until the force stroke; but the cutout apparatus would in such ease prcven t the alarm from being sounded.

There are other cases in which the primary controller maybe operated in advance of the secondary controller--as, tor example, when air accumulates in the pipes and the pressure from the source of supply is increased. In such case the water will temporaril y flow past the primary controller and cause it to close the circuit; but in all such cases the cut-out apparatus will prevent the alarm from being given.

rlhe form ot cut-oft valve herein illustrated and described has been selected merely `for the purpose of showin g a suitable form of valve for that purpose. Other forms of valve may be used, if preferred, without departii'lg from the invention. The provision tor opening a waste-passage to allow the waterto ilow out of the pipe when the cut-oit valve is closed may of course be omitted, or a separate cock or valve operated by an independent magnet may be employed.

The primary controller or controllers must of course be arranged to be operated by the movement of the water in the pipe or pipes occasioned by a change of pressure due to the withdrawal of the water either through a faucet or other outlet, or through a. leak, and it will usually be fou nd most desirable to have the secondary controllers operated in the same manner; but the secondary controllers may be arranged so that instead of being operated by the water to break the circuit they will be so operated by the act of opening the faucets, the circuit making an d breaking devices being connected to the moving part of the faucet. Figs. land lt illust-rate an arrangement of this character. In this case the plug y of the cock G is provided with an arm carrying an insulated contact-plate 5, to which one of the wires a is connected, while the shell of the cock is provided with a similar arm carryin g another insulated contact-plate 5, to which the other wire a is connected. These arms and contact-plates are so arranged that when the cock is closed the two contact-plates 5 will bc together, and the circuitwill be closed at that point, so that upon the operation ot the primary controller the alarm will be given. As soon, however, as the cock is opened the contact-plates 5 will be separated, so as to break the circuit at that point, and as a colisequence the operation of the primary controller will not give the alarm. 'lhe [o1-m and arrangement of the primary controllers which are illustrated are those which are considered the best adapted 'for the purpose; but it'y may bemodifiedwithoutdcpartingessentiallyfrom the invention. ln l'act, the controllers may be ol any suitable form or construction so long as they will be affected by the pressure or flow of the water in such manner as to change the condition of the electric circuits to operate the translating device.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the invention in all ol' its forms consists, essentially, of a primary controller operated by the water when it isset in motion in the pipe, and having electrical cininections by which, when thus operated, it operates some torm ol translating device to give notice ot the fact that the water is moving .in the pipe, and a secondary controller operated when water is drawn Yfrom the pipe in the regular way, and electrical connections by which when thus operated it neutralizcs the effect of the primary controller and prevents the operation ol' the translating device. 'lhe primary and secondary controllers as thus connected may be termed reversely-arraiiged controllers, and wherever this term is used inthe claims l mean controllers so arranged that the secondary controller when operated opposes and neutralizes the action of the primary controller, preventing the latter when operated from having its normal effect. 'lhe organizations of the apparatus for accomplishing this result which have been illustrated are deemed the best for the purpose; but the form and arrangement of the electricalconnections may be widely varied irom those shown without in anywise departing from the essential features ot' the invention.

l. The combination, with a water-pipe, of a translating device located in an electric circuit, reversely-arranged primary and secondary controllers located, respectively, distant from and adjacent to the exit of such pipe and operated on the liow of water near them, and connections between said controllers and the circuit, whereby the operation of said primary controller operates the translating device and the operation of said secondary controller neutralizes the el't'ect of the primary controller and prevents the operation of the translating device, substantially as dcscribed.

2. The combination, with a water-pipe, of a translating device located in an electric circuit, revcrsely-arranged primary and secondary controllers located, respectively, distant from and adjacent to cach exit of such pipe and operated on the llow of water near them, and connections between said controllers and the circuit, whereby the operation of saidV primary controller operates the translating device and the operation ot' said secondary controller neutralizes the ct'tcct ot the primary eontroller and prevents the operation of the translating device, substantially as described.

IIO

p the operation of the translating` device, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with a water-pipe, of a translating device locatedy in an elect-ric circuit, reversely-arranged primary and secondary controllers located, respectively, distant from and adjacent to each exit of such pipe and operated by the Water when in motion near them, and connections between ,saidl controllers and the circuit, whereby the operation of said primary controller operates the translating device and the operation of said secondary controllers neutralizes the effect of the primary controller and prevents the operation of the translating device, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with a Water-pipe, of a translating device located in an electric circuit, an automatic cut-out apparatus also in said circuit, reversely-arranged primary and secondary controllers located, respectively, distant from and adjacent to the exit of such pipe and operated on the iow of Water near them, and connections between said controllers and the circuit, 'whereby the operation of said primary controller changes the condition of said circuit and therebyoperates the cutout apparatus, and the operation otl said secondary controller neutralizes the eect of said primary controller and prevents the operation of the cut-ont apparatus, substantially as described.

6. The combination, with a watenpipe having a cut-oft valve or cock, of an electric circuit containing an electro-magnet for controlling said cut-off valve, reversely-arranged primary and secondary controllers located, respectively, distant from and adjacent to the exit of such pipe and operated on the iiow of water near them, and connections between said controllers and the circuit, whereby the operation of said primary controller changes the condition of the circuit to close said cutoft valve and the operation of said secondary controller neutralizes the effect of said primary controller to prevent said valve from closing, substantially as described.

7. The combination, with a primary and secondary controllers AB and A B' ,located in different districts, of the wires a. a', cut-out apparatus C, wires b b', and indicators I I', substantially as described.

8. The combination, with prim ary and secondary controllers A'B and A' B', located in different districts, of the wires a a', cut-out C, Wires b Z1', cut-od valve l-I, and indicators I I', substantially as described.

9. The combination, with primary and secondary controllers A B and A' B', located in different districts, of the wires a a', cut-out C, wires Z2 b', cut-oft' valves I-I II', and indicators I I', substantially as described.

10. The combination, with primary and secondary controllers A B and A' B', located in different districts, of the wires d a', cutouts C C', wires b b', cut-ott valves II H', and indicators I I', substantially as described.

11. The combination, with primary controllers A, located in different supply-pipes to the same system, and a secondary controller or controllers B, of the Wires a d, forming circuits through each of the primary controllers and the secondary controller or controllers, substantially as described.

12. The combination, with primary controllers A, located in different supply-pipes to the same system, and a secondary controller or controllers B, of the wires a' d, forming circuits through each of the primary controllers and the secondary controller or controllers, and the cut-offvalves H, arranged in the supply-pipes and connected to the wires al d, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM WOODWARD ROSENFIELD. Witnesses:

J. A. I-IOVEY, JAS. J. KENNEDY. 

